17 번째 수정본 소스 보기 : Perl/Functions

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== # Perl functions by category ==

* 카테고리로 분류한 [[Perl]] 함수들 목록
* 원문: [http://perldoc.perl.org/index-functions-by-cat.html Perl functions by category - perldoc.perl.org]
* Perl 5.10.0 기준




=== # SCALAR와 스트링 관련 함수 (Functions for SCALARs or strings) ===

* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/chomp.html">chomp</a> - 스트링의 뒤에 있는 레코드 구분자를 제거 (remove a trailing record separator from a string)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/chop.html">chop</a> - 스트링의 마지막 캐릭터를 제거 (remove the last character from a string)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/chr.html">chr</a> - 숫자가 나타내는 캐릭터를 획득 (get character this number represents)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/crypt.html">crypt</a> - 패스워드 스타일의 단방향 암호화 (one-way passwd-style encryption)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/hex.html">hex</a> - 스트링을 16진수로 변환 (convert a string to a hexadecimal number)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/index.html">index</a> - 스트링 속의 서브스트링을 검색 (find a substring within a string)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/lc.html">lc</a> - 스트링의 소문자 버전을 반환 (return lower-case version of a string)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/lcfirst.html">lcfirst</a> - 스트링의 첫글자를 소문자로 변환한 스트링을 반환 (return a string with just the next letter in lower case)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/length.html">length</a> - 스트링이 차지하는 바이트 수 반환 (return the number of bytes in a string)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/oct.html">oct</a> - 스트링을 8진수로 반환 (convert a string to an octal number)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/ord.html">ord</a> - 캐릭터의 코드값을 반환 (find a character's numeric representation)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/pack.html">pack</a> - 리스트를 바이너리 시퀀스로 변환 (convert a list into a binary representation)
** [[/Pack]] 참조
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/q.html">q/STRING/</a> - (singly quote a string)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/qq.html">qq/STRING/</a> - (doubly quote a string)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/reverse.html">reverse</a> - 스트링 또는 리스트를 뒤집음 (flip a string or a list)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/rindex.html">rindex</a> - 우측에서 좌측으로 서브스트링 검색 (right-to-left substring search)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sprintf.html">sprintf</a> - 포맷된 출력을 스트링으로 반환 (formatted print into a string )
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/substr.html">substr</a> - 스트링의 특정 부분을 얻거나 변경 (get or alter a portion of a stirng)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/tr.html">tr///</a> - 스트링의 문자 변환 (transliterate a string)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/uc.html">uc</a> - 스트링의 대문자 버전을 반환 (return upper-case version of a string)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/ucfirst.html">ucfirst</a> - 스트링의 첫글자를 대문자로 변환한 스트링을 반환 (return a string with just the next letter in upper case)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/y.html">y///</a> - 스트링의 문자 변환 (transliterate a string)
** tr///과 동일





=== # 정규표현식과 패턴 일치 (Regular expressions and pattern matching) ===
* 참고: [[/정규표현식]]

* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/m.html">m//</a> - 정규표현식 패턴의 일치 검사 (match a string with a regular expression pattern)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/pos.html">pos</a> - 마지막 m//g 검색을 한 오프셋을 얻거나, 다음 검색을 위한 오프셋 지정 (find or set the offset for the last/next m//g search)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/qr.html">qr/STRING/</a> - 패턴 컴파일 (Compile pattern)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/quotemeta.html">quotemeta</a> - 정규표현식의 매직캐릭터들을 이스케이프시킴 (quote regular expression magic characters)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/s.html">s///</a> - 스트링에서 일치하는 패턴을 치환 (replace a pattern with a string)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/split.html">split</a> - 정규표현식으로 된 구분자를 사용하여 스트링 분할 (split up a string using a regexp delimiter)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/study.html">study</a> - 반복되는 검색을 위하여 입력 데이타 최적화 (optimize input data for repeated searches)





=== # 수 관련 함수 (Numeric functions) ===

* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/abs.html">abs</a> - 절대값 (absolute value function)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/atan2.html">atan2</a> - 아크탄젠트 (arctangent of Y/X in the range -PI to PI)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/cos.html">cos</a> - 코사인 (cosine function)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/exp.html">exp</a> - 거듭제곱 (raise I to a power)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/hex.html">hex</a> - 스트링을 16진수로 변환 (convert a string to a hexadecimal number)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/int.html">int</a> - 정수부 반환 (get the integer portion of a number)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/log.html">log</a> - 자연로그 (retrieve the natural logarithm for a number)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/oct.html">oct</a> - 스트링을 8진수로 변환 (convert a string to an octal number)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/rand.html">rand</a> - 랜덤넘버 생성 (retrieve the next pseudorandom number )
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sin.html">sin</a> - 사인 (return the sine of a number)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sqrt.html">sqrt</a> - 제곱근 (square root function)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/srand.html">srand</a> - 랜덤 넘버 생성기의 시드 설정 (seed the random number generator)





=== # @배열 관련 함수 (Functions for real @ARRAYs) ===

* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/pop.html">pop</a> - 배열에서 마지막 원소를 제거하며 그 원소를 반환 (remove the last element from an array and return it)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/push.html">push</a> - 하나 이상의 원소를 배열의 제일 뒤에 추가 (append one or more elements to an array)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/shift.html">shift</a> - 배열의 첫번째 원소를 제거하며 그 원소를 반환 (remove the first element of an array, and return it)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/splice.html">splice</a> - 배열의 원하는 위치에 원소를 추가 또는 삭제 (add or remove elements anywhere in an array)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/unshift.html">unshift</a> - 하나 이상의 원소를 배열의 제일 앞에 추가 (prepend more elements to the beginning of a list)





=== # 리스트 데이타 관련 함수 (Functions for list data) ===

* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/grep.html">grep</a> - 리스트에서 조건에 맞는 원소들을 찾아냄 (locate elements in a list test true against a given criterion)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/join.html">join</a> - 리스트의 원소들을 합쳐서 스트링으로 변환 (join a list into a string using a separator)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/map.html">map</a> - 리스트에 변경을 가하여 새로운 리스트를 만듦 (apply a change to a list to get back a new list with the changes)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/qw.html">qw</a>/STRING/ - 단어들의 리스트를 쿼우팅 (quote a list of words)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/reverse.html">reverse</a> - 스트링이나 리스트를 뒤집음 (flip a string or a list)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sort.html">sort</a> - 값들의 리스트를 정렬 (sort a list of values )
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/unpack.html">unpack</a> - 바이너리 구조체를 일반적인 펄 변수들의 리스트로 변환 (convert binary structure into normal perl variables)
** [[/Pack]] 참고





=== # %해쉬 변수 관련 함수 (Functions for real %HASHes) ===

* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/delete.html">delete</a> - 해쉬에서 값을 삭제 (deletes a value from a hash)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/each.html">each</a> - 해쉬에서 다음 키/값 쌍을 가져옴 (retrieve the next key/value pair from a hash)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/exists.html">exists</a> - 해쉬에 특정한 키가 존재하는지 검사 (test whether a hash key is present)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/keys.html">keys</a> - 해쉬에서 키들의 리스트를 반환 (retrieve list of indices from a hash)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/values.html">values</a> - 해쉬에서 값들의 리스트를 반환 (return a list of the values in a hash)





=== # 입력,출력 함수 (Input and output functions) ===
* 참고: [[/파일]]

* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/binmode.html">binmode</a> - 바이너리 파일 입출력 준비 (prepare binary files for I/O)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/close.html">close</a> - 파일 핸들 닫음 (close file (or pipe or socket) handle)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/closedir.html">closedir</a> - 디렉토리 핸들 닫음 (close directory handle)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/dbmclose.html">dbmclose</a> - tie되어 있는 dbm 파일에 대한 바인딩 해제 (breaks binding on a tied dbm file)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/dbmopen.html">dbmopen</a> - tie되어 있는 dbm 파일에 대한 바인딩 생성 (create binding on a tied dbm file)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/die.html">die</a> - 예외를 발생하고 종료 (raise an exception or bail out)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/eof.html">eof</a> - 파일 핸들을 확인해서 파일의 끝인지 검사 (test a filehandle for its end)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/fileno.html">fileno</a> - 파일핸들로부터 파일 디스크립터 반환 (return file descriptor from filehandle)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/flock.html">flock</a> - 전체 파일에 협력적 락을 건다 (lock an entire file with an advisory lock)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/format.html">format</a> - write()함수가 사용할 포맷을 선언 (declare a picture format with use by the write() function)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getc.html">getc</a> - 파일핸들로부터 다음 캐릭터를 얻음 (get the next character from the filehandle)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/print.html">print</a> - 리스트를 파일 핸들로 출력 (output a list to a filehandle)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/printf.html">printf</a> - 리스트를 포맷에 맞추어 파일 핸들로 출력 (output a formatted list to a filehandle)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/read.html">read</a> - 파일 핸들로부터 고정 길이의 입력을 버퍼를 사용하여 받음 (fixed-length buffered input from a filehandle)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/readdir.html">readdir</a> - 디렉토리 핸들로부터 디렉토리 내용을 얻음 (get a directory from a directory handle)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/readline.html">readline</a> - 파일에서 레코드를 가져옴 (fetch a record from a file)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/rewinddir.html">rewinddir</a> - 디렉토리 핸들 리셋 (reset directory handle)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/seek.html">seek</a> - 랜덤 액세스 입출력시에 파일 포인터의 위치를 재설정 (reposition file pointer for random-access I/O)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/seekdir.html">seekdir</a> - 디렉토리 포인터 위치를 재설정 (reposition directory pointer )
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/select.html">select</a> - 출력을 리셋하거나 입출력 멀티플렉싱을 함 (reset default output or do I/O multiplexing)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/syscall.html">syscall</a> - 임의의 시스템 호출 실행 (execute an arbitrary system call)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sysread.html">sysread</a> - 파일 핸들로부터 고정 길이의 입력을 버프를 쓰지 않고 받음 (fixed-length unbuffered input from a filehandle)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sysseek.html">sysseek</a> - sysread와 syswrite에 사용되는 입출력 포인터의 위치를 재설정 (position I/O pointer on handle used with sysread and syswrite)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/syswrite.html">syswrite</a> - 파일 핸들을 통해 고정 길이 출력을 버퍼를 쓰지 않고 수행 (fixed-length unbuffered output to a filehandle)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/tell.html">tell</a> - 파일 핸들의 현재 포인터의 위치를 얻음 (get current seekpointer on a filehandle)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/telldir.html">telldir</a> - 디렉토리 핸들의 현재 포인터의 위치를 얻음 (get current seekpointer on a directory handle)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/truncate.html">truncate</a> - 파일을 잘라내어 크기를 줄임 (shorten a file)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/warn.html">warn</a> - 디버깅 정보 출력 (print debugging info)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/write.html">write</a> - 레코드를 포맷에 맞게 출력 (print a picture record)





=== # Functions for fixed length data or records ===
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/pack.html">pack</a> - (convert a list into a binary representation)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/read.html">read</a> - (fixed-length buffered input from a filehandle)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/syscall.html">syscall</a> - (execute an arbitrary system call)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sysread.html">sysread</a> - (fixed-length unbuffered input from a filehandle)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sysseek.html">sysseek</a> - (position I/O pointer on handle used with sysread and syswrite)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/syswrite.html">syswrite</a> - (fixed-length unbuffered output to a filehandle)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/unpack.html">unpack</a> - (convert binary structure into normal perl variables)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/vec.html">vec</a> - (test or set particular bits in a string)





=== # Functions for filehandles, files, or directories ===
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/.html"></a>-X - (a file test (-r, -x, etc))
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/chdir.html">chdir</a> - (change your current working directory)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/chmod.html">chmod</a> - (changes the permissions on a list of files)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/chown.html">chown</a> - (change the owership on a list of files)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/chroot.html">chroot</a> - (make directory new root for path lookups)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/fcntl.html">fcntl</a> - (file control system call)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/glob.html">glob</a> - (expand filenames using wildcards)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/ioctl.html">ioctl</a> - (system-dependent device control system call)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/link.html">link</a> - (create a hard link in the filesytem)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/lstat.html">lstat</a> - (stat a symbolic link)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/mkdir.html">mkdir</a> - (create a directory)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/open.html">open</a> - (open a file, pipe, or descriptor)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/opendir.html">opendir</a> - (open a directory)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/readlink.html">readlink</a> - (determine where a symbolic link is pointing)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/rename.html">rename</a> - (change a filename)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/rmdir.html">rmdir</a> - (remove a directory)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/stat.html">stat</a> - (get a file's status information)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/symlink.html">symlink</a> - (create a symbolic link to a file)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sysopen.html">sysopen</a> - (open a file, pipe, or descriptor)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/umask.html">umask</a> - (set file creation mode mask)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/unlink.html">unlink</a> - (remove one link to a file)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/utime.html">utime</a> - (set a file's last access and modify times)





=== # Keywords related to control flow of your perl program ===
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/caller.html">caller</a> - (get context of the current subroutine call)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/continue.html">continue</a> - (optional trailing block in a while or foreach )
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/die.html">die</a> - (raise an exception or bail out)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/do.html">do</a> - (turn a BLOCK into a TERM)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/dump.html">dump</a> - (create an immediate core dump)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/eval.html">eval</a> - (catch exceptions or compile and run code)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/exit.html">exit</a> - (terminate this program)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/goto.html">goto</a> - (create spaghetti code)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/last.html">last</a> - (exit a block prematurely)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/next.html">next</a> - (iterate a block prematurely)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/prototype.html">prototype</a> - (get the prototype (if any) of a subroutine)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/redo.html">redo</a> - (start this loop iteration over again)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/return.html">return</a> - (get out of a function early)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sub.html">sub</a> - (declare a subroutine, possibly anonymously)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/wantarray.html">wantarray</a> - (get void vs scalar vs list context of current subroutine call)





=== # Keywords altering or affecting scoping of identifiers ===
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/caller.html">caller</a> - (get context of the current subroutine call)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/import.html">import</a> - (patch a module's namespace into your own)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/local.html">local</a> - (create a temporary value for a global variable (dynamic scoping))
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/my.html">my</a> - (declare and assign a local variable (lexical scoping))
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/our.html">our</a> - (declare and assign a package variable (lexical scoping))
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/package.html">package</a> - (declare a separate global namespace)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/use.html">use</a> - (load in a module at compile time)





=== # Miscellaneous functions ===
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/defined.html">defined</a> - (test whether a value, variable, or function is defined)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/dump.html">dump</a> - (create an immediate core dump)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/eval.html">eval</a> - (catch exceptions or compile and run code)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/formline.html">formline</a> - (internal function used for formats)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/local.html">local</a> - (create a temporary value for a global variable (dynamic scoping))
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/my.html">my</a> - (declare and assign a local variable (lexical scoping))
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/our.html">our</a> - (declare and assign a package variable (lexical scoping))
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/prototype.html">prototype</a> - (get the prototype (if any) of a subroutine)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/reset.html">reset</a> - (clear all variables of a given name)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/scalar.html">scalar</a> - (force a scalar context)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/undef.html">undef</a> - (remove a variable or function definition)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/wantarray.html">wantarray</a> - (get void vs scalar vs list context of current subroutine call)





=== # Functions for processes and process groups ===
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/alarm.html">alarm</a> - (schedule a SIGALRM )
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/exec.html">exec</a> - (abandon this program to run another)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/fork.html">fork</a> - (create a new process just like this one)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getpgrp.html">getpgrp</a> - (get process group)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getppid.html">getppid</a> - (get parent process ID)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getpriority.html">getpriority</a> - (get current nice value)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/kill.html">kill</a> - (send a signal to a process or process group)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/pipe.html">pipe</a> - (open a pair of connected filehandles)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/qx.html">qx</a>/STRING/ - (backquote quote a string)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/readpipe.html">readpipe</a> - (execute a system command and collect standard output)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/setpgrp.html">setpgrp</a> - (set the process group of a process)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/setpriority.html">setpriority</a> - (set a process's nice value)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sleep.html">sleep</a> - (block for some number of seconds)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/system.html">system</a> - (run a separate program )
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/times.html">times</a> - (return elapsed time for self and child processes)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/wait.html">wait</a> - (wait for any child process to die)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/waitpid.html">waitpid</a> - (wait for a particular child process to die)





=== # Keywords related to perl modules ===
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/do.html">do</a> - (turn a BLOCK into a TERM)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/import.html">import</a> - (patch a module's namespace into your own)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/no.html">no</a> - (unimport some module symbols or semantics at compile time)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/package.html">package</a> - (declare a separate global namespace)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/require.html">require</a> - (load in external functions from a library at runtime)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/use.html">use</a> - (load in a module at compile time)





=== # Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness ===
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/bless.html">bless</a> - (create an object )
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/dbmclose.html">dbmclose</a> - (breaks binding on a tied dbm file)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/dbmopen.html">dbmopen</a> - (create binding on a tied dbm file)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/package.html">package</a> - (declare a separate global namespace)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/ref.html">ref</a> - (find out the type of thing being referenced)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/tie.html">tie</a> - (bind a variable to an object class )
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/tied.html">tied</a> - (get a reference to the object underlying a tied variable)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/untie.html">untie</a> - (break a tie binding to a variable)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/use.html">use</a> - (load in a module at compile time)





=== # Low-level socket functions ===
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/accept.html">accept</a> - (accept an incoming socket connect)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/bind.html">bind</a> - (binds an address to a socket)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/connect.html">connect</a> - (connect to a remote socket)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getpeername.html">getpeername</a> - (find the other end of a socket connection)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getsockname.html">getsockname</a> - (retrieve the sockaddr for a given socket)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getsockopt.html">getsockopt</a> - (get socket options on a given socket)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/listen.html">listen</a> - (register your socket as a server )
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/recv.html">recv</a> - (receive a message over a Socket)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/send.html">send</a> - (send a message over a socket)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/setsockopt.html">setsockopt</a> - (set some socket options)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/shutdown.html">shutdown</a> - (close down just half of a socket connection)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/socket.html">socket</a> - (create a socket)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/socketpair.html">socketpair</a> - (create a pair of sockets)





=== # System V interprocess communication functions ===
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/msgctl.html">msgctl</a> - (SysV IPC message control operations)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/msgget.html">msgget</a> - (get SysV IPC message queue)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/msgrcv.html">msgrcv</a> - (receive a SysV IPC message from a message queue)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/msgsnd.html">msgsnd</a> - (send a SysV IPC message to a message queue)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/semctl.html">semctl</a> - (SysV semaphore control operations)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/semget.html">semget</a> - (get set of SysV semaphores)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/semop.html">semop</a> - (SysV semaphore operations)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/shmctl.html">shmctl</a> - (SysV shared memory operations)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/shmget.html">shmget</a> - (get SysV shared memory segment identifier)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/shmread.html">shmread</a> - (read SysV shared memory )
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/shmwrite.html">shmwrite</a> - (write SysV shared memory )





=== # Fetching user and group info ===
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/endgrent.html">endgrent</a> - (be done using group file)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/endhostent.html">endhostent</a> - (be done using hosts file)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/endnetent.html">endnetent</a> - (be done using networks file)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/endpwent.html">endpwent</a> - (be done using passwd file)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getgrent.html">getgrent</a> - (get next group record )
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getgrgid.html">getgrgid</a> - (get group record given group user ID)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getgrnam.html">getgrnam</a> - (get group record given group name)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getlogin.html">getlogin</a> - (return who logged in at this tty)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getpwent.html">getpwent</a> - (get next passwd record)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getpwnam.html">getpwnam</a> - (get passwd record given user login name)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getpwuid.html">getpwuid</a> - (get passwd record given user ID)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/setgrent.html">setgrent</a> - (prepare group file for use)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/setpwent.html">setpwent</a> - (prepare passwd file for use)





=== # Fetching network info ===
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/endprotoent.html">endprotoent</a> - (be done using protocols file)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/endservent.html">endservent</a> - (be done using services file)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/gethostbyaddr.html">gethostbyaddr</a> - (get host record given its address)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/gethostbyname.html">gethostbyname</a> - (get host record given name)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/gethostent.html">gethostent</a> - (get next hosts record )
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getnetbyaddr.html">getnetbyaddr</a> - (get network record given its address)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getnetbyname.html">getnetbyname</a> - (get networks record given name)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getnetent.html">getnetent</a> - (get next networks record )
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getprotobyname.html">getprotobyname</a> - (get protocol record given name)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getprotobynumber.html">getprotobynumber</a> - (get protocol record numeric protocol)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getprotoent.html">getprotoent</a> - (get next protocols record)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getservbyname.html">getservbyname</a> - (get services record given its name)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getservbyport.html">getservbyport</a> - (get services record given numeric port)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/getservent.html">getservent</a> - (get next services record )
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/sethostent.html">sethostent</a> - (prepare hosts file for use)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/setnetent.html">setnetent</a> - (prepare networks file for use)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/setprotoent.html">setprotoent</a> - (prepare protocols file for use)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/setservent.html">setservent</a> - (prepare services file for use)





=== # Time-related functions ===
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/gmtime.html">gmtime</a> - (convert UNIX time into record or string using Greenwich time)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/localtime.html">localtime</a> - (convert UNIX time into record or string using local time)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/time.html">time</a> - (return number of seconds since 1970)
* <a href="http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/times.html">times</a> - (return elapsed time for self and child processes)




== # Comments ==

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